No, each bone has a single position/rotation. The different mode options simply specify in which coordinate frame you want to set the value of the bone. In your code the line:
Code:
male_pelvis.setEuler([0,0,0],viz.ABS_PARENT)
does nothing because you change the bone rotation in next line using viz.ABS_GLOBAL mode. The 2 values are different because viz.ABS_PARENT is getting the bone rotation in the parent bones coordinate frame and viz.ABS_GLOBAL is getting the rotation in the global coordinate system (which accounts for parent bone and avatar rotation)